The expansion of hdtv is High-definition television. The hdtv means
television signals broadcast with a higher resolution than traditional
formats like NTSC, SÉCAM, PAL. The hdtv is broadcasted digitally, except
for early analog formats in Europe and Japan.
Historically, the
term high-definition television was also used to refer to television
standards developed in the 1930s to replace the early experimental
systems, although, not so long afterwards, Philo T. Farnsworth, John
Logie Baird and Vladimir Zworkin had each developed competing TV systems
but resolution was not the issue that separated their substantially
different technologies. It was patent interference lawsuits and
deployment issues given the tumultuous financial climate of the late
20's and 30's. Most patents were expiring by the end of WW2 leaving the
market wide open and no worldwide standard for television agreed upon.
The world used analog PAL, NTSC, SECAM and other standards for over half
a century.
The terms HD ready and HD compatible are being used
around the industrial world for marketing purposes. They indicate that a
TV or display is able to accept video over an HDMI connection, using a
new connector design, the main purpose of which seems to be to ensure
that digital video is only passed over an interface which, by agreement,
incorporates copyright protection. Even HD-ready sets do not
necessarily have enough pixels to display video to the 1080-line
(1920x1080) or 720-line (1280x720) HD standards in full resolution
without interpolation, and HD-compatible sets are often just
standard-definition sets with an HDMI input. This is a confusing use of
the terms HD and hdtv.
MPEG-2 is most commonly used as the
compression codec for digital hdtv broadcasts. The hdtv is capable of
"theater quality" audio because it uses the Dolby Digital (AC-3) format
to support "5.1" surround sound.
Japan has the earliest working
hdtv system still in use, with design efforts going back to 1979. Japan
began broadcasting analog hdtv signals in the early 1990s using an
interlaced resolution of 1035 lines (1035i). The Japanese MUSE (Multiple
sub-nyquist sampling Encoding) system, developed by NHK Science and
Technical Research Laboratories (STRL) in the 1980s, employed filtering
tricks to reduce the original source signal to decrease bandwidth
utilization.
Japan is forerunner of hdtv in the world. Japan terrestrial broadcast of HD via ISDB-T started in December 2003.
The
hdtv transmission in Europe started in 2004. Euro1080 is the pioneer in
hdtv transmission in Europe. Australia started HD broadcasting in
January 2001.
CHUM Limited's Citytv in Toronto was the first hdtv
broadcaster in Canada and CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation)
officially launched hdtv programming on March 5, 2005.
Mexican television company Televisa experimented hdtv broadcasts in the early 1990s, in collaboration with Japan's NHK.
The
hdtv specifications are defined by the ATSC in the United States. An
hdtv-compatible TV usually uses a 16:9 aspect ratio display with an
integrated ATSC tuner. Lower resolution sources like regular DVDs may be
upscaled to the native resolution of the TV.
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